Most WordPress Themes users are familiar with tags and categories and with how to use them to organize their blog posts. If you use custom post types in WordPress Themes, you might need to organize them like categories and tags. Categories and tags are examples of taxonomies, and WordPress allows you to create as many custom taxonomies as you want. These custom taxonomies operate like categories or tags, but are separate.
In this tutorial, we’ll explain custom taxonomies and how to create them. We’ll also go over which template files in a WordPress themes control the archives of built-in and custom taxonomies, and some advanced techniques for customizing the behavior of taxonomy archives.
Terminology
Before continuing, let’s get our terminology straight. A taxonomy is a WordPress Themescontent type, used primarily to organize content of any other content type. The two taxonomies everyone is familiar with are built in: categories and tags. We tend to call an individual posting of a tag a “tag,” but to be precise, we should refer to it as a “term” in the “tag” taxonomy. We pretty much always refer to items in a custom taxonomy as “terms.”
Categories and tags represent the two types of taxonomies: hierarchical and non-hierarchical. Like categories, hierarchical taxonomies can have parent-child relationships between terms in the taxonomy. For example, you might have on your blog a “films” category that has several child categories, with names like “foreign” and “domestic.” Custom taxonomies may also be hierarchical, like categories, or non-hierarchical, like tags.
How Tag, Category and Custom Taxonomy Archives Work
For every category, tag and custom taxonomy, WordPress Themes automatically generates an archive that lists each post associated with that taxonomy, in reverse chronological order. The system works really well if you organize your blog posts with categories and tags. If you have a complex system of organizing custom post types with custom taxonomies, then it might not be ideal. We’ll go over the many ways to modify these archives.
The first step to customizing is to know which files in your theme are used to display the archive. Different WordPress Themes have different template files, but all WordPress Themes have an index.phptemplate. The index.php template is used to display all content, unless a template exists higher up in the hierarchy. WordPress’ template hierarchy is the system that dictates which template file is used to display which content. We’ll briefly go over the template hierarchy for categories, tags and custom taxonomies. If you’d like to learn more, these resources are highly recommended .
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WordPress Themes has released the first release candidate (RC) for the upcoming 4.0 version. According to the official version numbering, WordPress 4.0 is no more or less significant than 3.9 was or 4.1 will be. That being said, a new major release is always a cause for excitement! Let’s take a look at the new features the team at WordPress has been working on for us. wordpress themes
Installation Language
Since I’ve always used wordpress themes in English, it took me a while to realize how important internationalization is. 29% of all WordPress.com installations use a non-English language which is huge and not that far from more than a quarter of all installations. Version 4.0 makes it much easier to get WordPress to speak your language. In fact, the first installation screen asks you to choose your native tongue. Nice!
This is a big step up from either having to download in your own language, or grabbing language files manually and modifying the config.
Embed Previews For URLs
Embedding content into posts has also become a much nicer process. One of my irks with the visual editor used to be that it wasn’t visual enough. Not that long ago, you just got a grey box in place of a gallery or other media/embed items. The “Smith” release took care of galleries and 4.0 is taking care of a host of other items. If you paste a YouTube URL in text mode, it will render as a video in visual mode. How handy is that?
I find this a lot more pleasing to work with — I see exactly what I’m going to get. The media modal’s insert from the URL feature is getting the same upgrade. As soon as you’ve entered a URL, the video will load — playable and all! The good news is that it works with all the services you’d expect, from Vimeo to Twitter, Hulu and Flickr. Scott Taylor (who is a core contributor working on this) has kindly gathered some test URLs. I recommend checking outTrac ticket to find out more in this regard.
Media Section Grid
The media section now has a grid view by default. This isn’t a groundbreaking coding feat by any measure, but it does introduce a sleeker UI which is perhaps a glimpse of what is coming up in the future.
While this is a minor change, it does give you a way better overview of your media files than the default view of 20 images in a list.
Plugin Discovery And Installation
In my opinion, the plugin “Add New” page got a much needed makeover. The top navigation looks a lot like the new navigation in the media section — another indication of a slightly more modern interface creeping into the system. Plugins in the list view are displayed in a much more visual fashion, and it looks like it’s time for developers to start making thumbnails! While the plugin details screen could use a makeover as well, I’m sure this is a work in progress and will be explored further.
Better Post Editing
One feature I’m particularly happy with is how the editor height has been changed to use screen real estate better. Mark Jaquith painted a great picture of the problem:
“The post editor feels like it has been relegated to a box of medium importance on the edit/compose screen.”
UI Improvements For Widget Customization
It’s great that widgets have been included in the wordpress themes customizer. Usually, if you had more than five to six widgets, things became a bit too crowded. Fortunately, the new WP version has now put all widgets into a sub-section of the customization screen. This essentially minimizes them when not needed — a welcome UI improvement for sure!
Join The Fun
As always, the latest development versions can be tried out pretty easily. By installing theWordPress Beta Tester plugin you can update to the latest beta builds or nightlies and play around with the brand new features.
If you happen to find any bugs, you can add them to the WordPress Trac and you can even fix them and contribute to the core! wordpress themes is a community project, and every little bit helps!
from : http://www.smashingmagazine.com/2014/08/27/a-tour-of-wordpress-4-0/
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WordPress Themes can be more faster than you think let’s see how !!?
A few months ago, I ran an experiment to see how much faster I could make one of my websites in less than two hours of work. After installing a handful of WordPress plugins and fixing a few simple errors, I had improved the website’s loading speed from 1.61 seconds to 583 milliseconds. That’s a 70.39% improvement, without having made any visual changes to the website.
According to a 2009 Akamai study, 47% of visitors expect a page to load in under 2 seconds, and 57% of visitors will abandon a page that takes more than 3 seconds to load. Since this study, no shortage of case studies have confirmed that loading time affects sales.
In 2006, Amazon reported that a 100-millisecond increase in page speed translated to a 1% increase in its revenue. Just a few years later, Google announced in a blog post that its algorithm takes page speed into account when ranking websites.
So, how can you speed up your WordPress website?
Below are twelve quick fixes that will dramatically improve your website’s loading time, including:
identifying which plugins are slowing down your website;
automatically compressing Web pages, images, JavaScript and CSS files;
keeping your website’s database clean;
setting up browser caching the right way.
Lay The Foundation
When your house is sinking into the ground, you don’t polish the windows — you fix the foundations. The same goes for your website. If it’s hosted on a sluggish server or has a bloated theme, quick fixes won’t help. You’ll need to fix the foundation.
So, let’s start with what makes for a good foundation and how to set ourselves up for a website that runs at lightening speed.
CHOOSE A GOOD HOST
Your Web hosting company and hosting package have a huge impact on the speed of your website, among many other important performance-related things. I used to be sucked in by the allure of free or cheap hosting, but with the wisdom of hindsight, I’ve learned that hosting isn’t an area to skimp on.
To put this into perspective, two of my clients have similar websites but very different hosting providers. One uses WPEngine (an excellent hosting company), and the other hosts their website on a cheap shared server.
The DNS response time (i.e. the time it takes for the browser to connect to the hosting server) of the client using WPEngine is 7 milliseconds. The client using the cheap shared hosting has a DNS response time of 250 milliseconds.
Unfortunately, not all WordPress themes are created equal. While some are extremely fast and well coded, others are bloated with hundreds of bells and whistles under the pretence of being “versatile and customizable.”
A few years ago, Julian Fernandes of Synthesis ran an interesting case study in which he updated his theme from WordPress’ default to the Genesis framework, monitoring page speed. He noticed that just by changing the theme to Genesis, his loading time improved from 630 to 172 milliseconds.
When you choose a theme, check the page speed of the theme’s demo, using a tool such as Pingdom, to see how quickly it runs with nothing added to it. This should give you an idea of how well coded it is.
USE A CONTENT DELIVERY NETWORK
I recently started using a content delivery network (CDN) for one of my websites and noticed a 55% reduction in bandwidth usage and a huge improvement in page-loading speed.
A CDN hosts your files across a huge network of servers around the world. If a user from Argentina visits your website, then they would download files from the server closest to them geographically. Because your bandwidth is spread across so many different servers, the load on any single server is reduced.
Setting up a CDN can take a few hours, but it’s usually one of the quickest ways to dramatically improve page-loading speed.
12 Quick Fixes To Speed Up WordPress
Now that our foundation is solid, we can begin fine-tuning our website.
A good way to start speeding up a website is to look at what can be removed. More often than not, a website is slow not because of what it lacks but because of what it already has.
1. IDENTIFY PLUGINS THAT ARE SLOWING YOU DOWN
P3 is one of my favourite diagnostic plugins because it shows you the impact of your other plugins on page-loading time. This makes it easy to spot any plugins that are slowing down your website.
A common culprit is social-sharing plugins, most of which bloat page-loading times and can easily be replaced by embedding social buttons into the theme’s source code.
Once you’re aware of which plugins are slowing down your website, you can make an informed decision about whether to keep them, replace them or remove them entirely.
2. COMPRESS YOUR WEBSITE
When you compress a file on your computer as a ZIP file, the total size of the file is reduced, making it both easier and faster to send to someone. Gzip works in exactly the same way but with your Web page files.
Once installed, Gzip automatically compresses your website’s files as ZIP files, saving bandwidth and speeding up page-loading times. When a user visits your website, their browser will automatically unzip the files and show their contents. This method of transmitting content from the server to the browser is far more efficient and saves a lot of time.
There is virtually no downside to installing Gzip, and the increase in speed can be quite dramatic. As we can see in the screenshot above, MusicLawContracts.com goes from 68 KB to only 13 KB with Gzip installed.
for more : http://www.smashingmagazine.com/2014/06/25/how-to-speed-up-your-wordpress-website/
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WordPress Themes PHPMyAdmin – or PMA – is an excellent free, open source web-based database client which can be used to interact more easily with MySQL and WordPress databases. I’ll describe how to install it, secure it and some common scenarios with which it can assist you in WordPress administration. Here’s an online demo of PMAfor you to explore.
In addition to offering a visual GUI for database operations, I also appreciate being able to run command line SQL operations via my browser without having to log in to the server via SSH. For example, some WiFi and mobile connections regularly terminate persistent SSH sessions, making database tasks problematic.
Installing PHPMyAdmin
Getting started with PMA is fairly straightforward on Linux. I’ll describe how to do so with Ubuntu 14.x at Digital Ocean. Log in to your server via SSH:
apt-get install phpmyadmin
You can use the default settings during installation or customize them to your liking.
On a typical WordPress installation, there aren’t any direct ports to MySQL for a hacker to try to access. They might try to break in via SSH or try SQL injection attacks against WordPress, but they can’t directly attack the database. Once you install PMA, anyone can run web-based attacks against it in order to gain control of your database, so care is warranted.
There are a few precautions I recommend when configuring PMA.
1. Use very strong passwords for all of your MySQL accounts, especially the root account. e.g. 25 characters for the root password.
2. Use different MySQL accounts and privileges for each WordPress site running on a single server. This way if one WordPress password is compromised, only one site’s database is compromised.
3. Change the default URL used by PMA. This way people can’t visithttp://yourblog.com/phpmyadmin. While this security by obscurity isn’t a very effective technique, it does add some protection.
If you need to modify your PHPMyAdmin password, you can edit the config-db.phphere:
nano /etc/phpmyadmin/config-db.php
4. Configure Web Authentication for the PMA Site. This will require that you enter an additional password to gain access to PMA, in addition to your database password, like this:
Using PHPMyAdmin with WordPress
It’s very important to remember that PMA allows you to directly manipulate the WordPress database; that meansit’s quite easy to break your WordPress site if you don’t know what you’re doing. It’s especially unwise to apply database scripts from the web unless you understand them completely. Use PMA with great care.
for more: http://code.tutsplus.com/tutorials/installing-and-using-phpmyadmin-with-wordpress–cms-21944
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I’ve been working with WordPress since the dawn of time, and even though I peek at the source code regularly, I still discover new tips and tricks. I’ve compiled my own list of 21 techniques that are handy, clever, fun or best practices rarely followed. I hope everyone finds something new in the list!
1. WordPress Themes Has A Ton Of Built-In Scripts
Using the great wp_enqueue_script() and wp_enqueue_style(), you can include styles and scripts easily with dependency management. But did you know that WordPress has a lot of scripts already built in? jQuery, many elements of jQuery UI, jQuery Form, SWF Object, Tiny MCE, Jcrop and Thickbox are just some the better known ones. The whole list can be found in the WordPress Codex. If you’re interested in learning how to use the enqueue functions effectively, I recommend “The Developer’s Guide to Conflict-Free JavaScript and CSS in WordPress” right here on Smashing Magazine! WordPress Themes
2. Replace Built-In Scripts By Deregistering Them
If you live on the bleeding edge, you can use versions of scripts other than the built-in ones. Using a newer jQuery version is common (though not necessarily good) practice, which can be done in the following way
But do not do this just to brag about using latest stuff. WordPress includes the version of jQuery that it does to ensure maximum compatibility.
Use another version of jQuery only when encountering compatibility issues, such a plugin that specifically requires it.
3. Force Perfect JPG Images
This is a classic example of why working on a team is beneficial. My good friend Lars told me that WordPress doesn’t use 100% quality for images served on the website, to conserve space and bandwidth. He also showed me a solution, of course:
WordPress uses a default quality of 90%. This is fine in most cases; I doubt many people can see the difference. But if top-notch image quality is a must on your website (for a portfolio, photography, etc.), modifying the value might be best.
4. FeedBurner Redirection
FeedBurner is used on almost every blog that I’ve worked on, and yet I never know how exactly to set it up by heart. Thanks to Elio for writing “10 Tips to Optimize Your WordPress Theme,” which contains this snippet
Using General Taxonomy Functions
A number of taxonomy functions can handle your custom taxonomies as well as the built-in tags and categories. The Codex’s reference of functions contains the full list of taxonomy functions. I particularly like using get_term(), get_terms() andwp_get_object_terms(). To make things more modular, I use these functions as much as I can, even for tags and categories.
6. Setting Up Sessions In WordPress Themes
Sessions are great for storing information between pages and are widely used on websites. WordPress doesn’t use them at all internally, so the session is never set. Using the following method, you can start a session on all pages before any output.
Note that, while sessions are generally pretty safe, implement IP checking or added nonce protection just to be on the safe side. As long as you’re transmitting non-sensitive data, though, you’ll fine. Check out Mark Jaquith’s great article on nonces for more info.
from : http://www.smashingmagazine.com/2013/09/26/powerful-wordpress-tips-and-tricks/
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Now powering over 17% of the Web, WordPress is increasingly becoming the content management system (CMS) of choice for the average user. But what about websites built with an outdated CMS or without a CMS at all? Does moving to WordPress mean starting over and losing all the time, energy and money put into the current website? Nope!
Migrating a website (including the design) over to WordPress is actually easier than you might think. In this guide, we’ll outline the migration process and work through the steps with a sample project. We’ll also cover some of the challenges you might encounter and review the solutions.
WordPress Themes
About This Guide
Before we get to work, let’s establish some context. First, this guide was written primarily with beginners in mind and will be most helpful for basic websites. Some of you will likely encounter advanced aspects of WordPress migration, but they are beyond the scope of this guide. If you’re tackling an advanced migration and get stuck, feel free to share your difficulty in the comments below.
OBJECTIVES
The objective of this guide is to help you with the following:
Plan an effective migration to WordPress.
Walk through the technical steps involved in migrating.
Get ideas and resources to solve common migration challenges.
WordPress Themes
ASSUMPTIONS
I assume you have basic familiarity with WordPress. Previous development experience with WordPress would be helpful, but not necessary. I also assume you have an existing website and design that you want to migrate to WordPress.
BASIC STEPS
Here are the basic steps that I recommend you follow for a typical WordPress migration:
Evaluate website.
Work carefully through the pages on your existing website, identifying all of the types of content (standard pages, photo galleries, resource pages, etc.) and noting any areas that need special attention.
Set up environment.
Set up WordPress and get ready to import.
Import content.
Bring over and organize your content, whether via an importing tool, manual entry (for a small amount, when no tool is available) or a custom importing process.
Migrate design.
Incorporate your existing design into a custom WordPress theme.
Review website, go live.
Carefully review the import, making adjustments where needed, set up any URL redirects, and then go live.
WordPress Themes
With this outline in mind, let’s work through each step in detail.
Start With A Plan
The key to a successful migration is to carefully evaluate your current website. You need to figure out how to import and structure the content in WordPress before carrying over the design.
While the principles are the same across migration projects, the details often vary. So, below are two lists of questions to ask as you work out a plan.
IMPORTED CONTENT
How much content needs to be imported (number of pages, number of images, etc.)?
Is the volume low enough to be imported manually, or do you need a tool?
If you need a tool, does one already exist?
Can the content be categorized into the standard “posts” and “pages,” or does it call for custom post types?
Does extra content need to be stored for certain pages (custom fields, taxonomies, etc.)?
Will the URL structure change? If so, will the old URLs need to be redirected?
EXISTING FUNCTIONALITY
Does the website integrate any third-party services (data collection, reservations, etc.)?
Do any forms need to be migrated (contact forms, application forms, etc.)?
Is access to any content restricted (such as members-only content)?
Does the website sell products (digital or physical)?
Do any administrative tools need to be carried over (such as custom CMS functionality)?
WordPress Themes
A WORKING EXAMPLE
My brother, Joshua Wold, has volunteered a website to serve as an example; it’s for a side project of his in which he sells posters and postcards of a Vegan Food Pyramid. He built the website in plain HTML, with some basic PHP includes for the header and footer. Below is a screencast of me evaluating the website to give you a sense of how the process will work. Enjoy!
Set Up WordPress
Before importing the content, we need to get WordPress ready to go. If you’re just experimenting or if you prefer offline development, start with a local installation of WordPress. Otherwise, the next step is to install WordPress with your current hosting provider; or you could use the migration process as a great opportunity to move to a new host.
Once WordPress is up and running, you’re ready for action!
WordPress Themes
For our example, we’ve installed WordPress with the same host, setting it up in a wp directory for the duration of the migration process.
SETTINGS AND PLUGINS
With WordPress Themes installed, we’ll make a few minor adjustments:
Update permalinks.
Go to Settings ? Permalinks to make changes. In most cases, I’ll switch to “postname”-style permalinks.
Update users.
I create an admin-level account for myself and any admin or editor accounts that are needed for clients and collaborators. I also remove the default “admin” user name if it exists (a basic but wise step for WordPress security).
Depending on the needs of the project, we might have to preinstall plugins. Here are the major categories of plugins:
Form management
Migrating a form “as is” is usually a mess; simply recreating it using a forms plugin is usually easier. My current favorite is Gravity Forms ($39+ per license). Other options are Formidable (with free and pro versions) and Contact Form 7 (entirely free).
SEO management
Search engine optimization (SEO) is a touchy subject. My philosophy is to build content for people, not for search engines. That being said, there is a common-sense approach to SEO that is solidly supported by the WordPress plugin ecosystem. And if your old website includes custom meta descriptions, giving them a new home during the importing process is important. I recommendWordPress SEO (free).
Multiple languages
If your old website supports multiple languages, WordPress has you covered. My plugin of choice is WPML ($79 per license, free for non-profits). Another option isqTranslate (free).
Security
WordPress security is a topic near and dear to me. The increasing popularity of WordPress has made it a target for security attacks. WordPress itself is rarely the problem; a poorly secured hosting environment or an outdated or poorly developed plugin usually is. I use managed WordPress hosting for the majority of my projects, which offers a good foundation for solid WordPress security. Options include WPEngine, ZippyKid, Pagely and Synthesis. In addition to managed hosting (and especially if you opt for a non-managed host), consider installing a security plugin, such as Better WP Security (free) or Wordfence (also free). Last but not least, review the “Hardening WordPress” guide in the Codex.
Backups
If you opt for managed hosting, backups are usually included (make sure, though). If you’re managing backups yourself or you want an extra layer of data protection, great options are available, including VaultPress ($15+ a month), CodeGuard ($5+ a month), BackupBuddy ($75+ per license) and BackWPup (free).
from : http://www.smashingmagazine.com/2013/05/15/migrate-existing-website-to-wordpress/[quote font=”verdana” font_size=”14″ font_style=”italic” color=”#474747″ bgcolor=”#F5F5F5″ bcolor=”#dd9933″ arrow=”yes” align=”centre”]This Demo Content Brought to you by Momizat Team [/quote]
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